By B. A. Baldo, G. Uhlenbruck (auth.), W. H. Hildemann, A. A. Benedict (eds.)
There are now vintage purposes for the common and con tinuing curiosity within the phylogeny of immune reactivities and constitution. First is the elemental main issue of biologists with the evolution of protection mechanisms. we're wanting to detect origins, mechanisms, and adaptive specializations of immunocompetence as the very life of people and whole species is serious about a such a lot crucial method. moment is the powerful biomedical curiosity in adaptive immune mechanisms to extend knowing of wellbeing and fitness and ailment in guy. If guy and placental mammals characterize the quin tessence of immunoresponsiveness with complicated interdependent direction methods, the fewer intricate yet totally sensible platforms of immunity in "lower" animals proffer insights appropriate to instant con cerns in medication. contemporary ways to organ transplantation, immunotherapy of melanoma and service of immunodeficiency ailments, to call quite a few components, have depended enormously on phylogenetic in keeping with spectives. In a bigger feel, clever flora and fauna conservation, usage of meals assets, and sufficient environmental security all hinge on figuring out how assorted species live to tell the tale or in a different way suc cumb to insults, accidents, and sickness. The phylogenetic immunologist additionally seeks designated details at the constitution of the immunoglobulins which relates on to the evolutionary background of residing animals. might be genetic mech anisms chargeable for the evolution of those proteins will be re vealed as spin-off info. The mammoth variety of immunoglobulin specificities and effector buildings, coupled with the notable phylogenetic conservation of yes polypeptide areas, makes those molecules specially beneficial to protein chemists in addition to immunologists.
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NRW, 2475 (1974). Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen 13. A. A. Naturwiss. , in press 14. A. and Renwrantz, L. Bioi. Zentralbl. 94, 205 (1975) 15. A. and Uhlenbruck, G. Immunology 25, 649 (1973) 16. , Uhlenbruck, G. and Salfner, B. Z. Immun. -Forsch. 148, 330 (1975) 17. E. and Potter, M. Carbohydrate Res. 30, 409 (1973) 18. Glaudemans, C. P. , Zissis, E. and Jolley, M. E. Carbohydrate Res. 40, 129 (1974) 19. Kakoma, I. and Kinyanjui, Res. vet. Sci. 17, 397 (1974) 20. Grappel, S. , Blank, F. and Bishop, T.
J. Invert. , 8: 478 (1966). The authors acknowledge the technical assistance of Elizabeth Keough and Nancy Williams in the first part of this study. S. S. Public Health Service and the Faculty Research Committee, University of California, Santa Barbara. , VALEMBOIS, P. and DU PASQUIER, L. Laboratoire de Zoologie A de l'Universite de Bordeaux et Centre de Morphologie Experimentale du CNRS~ Avenue des Facultes, 33405 TALENCE (France); Basel Institute for Immunology, Grenzacherstrasse 487, CH 4058 BASEL (Switzerland) INTRODUCTION There are several reasons to believe that rejection of both allogenic and xenogenic tissues by earthworms is due to an active immune response: a second graft from a same donor to a same receptor is more actively rejected (1); graft immunity can be transfered by coelomic cells from a sensitized animal to a non sensitized one (2).
Only mild differences were noticed when comparing first and second grafts. We have then studied the morphological features of the stimulated cells by the mean of autoradiography. Both autoradiographies on cells smeared on slides and in high resolution have shown that labelled cells could be arranged in two size categories: leukocytes with a diameter below 10 pm and leukocytes above 10 pm in diameter. Cells of the first group had a large nucleous and many free ribosomes in most of the available cytoplasm.