By Dr. Henk Breman, Ir. Jan-Joost Kessler (auth.)
This ebook offers a quantitative research of the function of woody crops in semi-arid areas, for the review in their advantages in agrosylvopastoralland-use platforms with effective and sus tainability pursuits. The insights offered and conclusions drawn enable the extra advantages of woody vegetation for particular climatic and actual web site stipulations and land-use structures to be expected. The Sahel and Sudan zones in West Africa, on which the booklet focusses, symbolize resource-poor stipulations, whose ecological dynamics were quite good studied. The position of woody crops during this area, as assessed during this publication, is extrapolated to different semi-arid areas, resulting in common conclusions on agroforestry's power as an choice for sustainable land use in semi-arid areas. The origins of this e-book return to 1982, while the membership du Sahel asked that on hand facts on woody vegetation within the Sahel zone be synthesised, to supply simple details to permit larger awareness to take delivery of to woody crops in rural improvement programmes. we're thankful to the membership du Sahel for this problem. a variety of humans contributed to reports utilized in this publication. The initial stock of the information on hand was once made by means of Frits Ohler; later his paintings used to be persevered by means of Franciska Dekker.
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Extra resources for Woody Plants in Agro-Ecosystems of Semi-Arid Regions: with an Emphasis on the Sahelian Countries
Sample text
5% (Kennenni and van der Maarel 1990). In the Sahel zones, valleys may serve as refuge areas for woody species susceptible to drought. The distribution of these species may be limited to the valleys during droughts, and may again colonise sandy plains during years when rainfall is adequate (Barry et al. 1983). Where loamy soils prevail on surrounding plains, however, surface sealing limits the return of woody plants. Human influences, such as livestock grazing and dead wood collection from the loamy soils probably contribute to the irreversibility of the degradation process (Sect.
The summarised data do not show an increased canopy cover for any woody species. Several studies, however, mention an important increase of woody species such as Balanites aegyptiaca, Acacia senegal, Acacia raddiana (Benjaminsen 1988; Miehe 1990). Such observations can be confirmed by unpublished data of the authors. The increase is most important in valleys and is basically an encroachment of spiny, drought resistant Sahelian shrub or small tree species into the Sudan zones. 1 Introduction: Water Availability and Soil Texture In semi-arid regions, water availability, varying in time and space, primarily determines vegetation structure and floristic composition.
In most wooded savannas, woody plants grow in clusters, surrounded by grasslands. The origin of such a distribution may be the occurrene of fires where grasses dominate, limiting the establishment of woody plants (Menaut 1983). The influence of fire lessens as the rainy and dry seasons become less pronounced. 4. In the Sudan zones, adequate rain falls on termite mounds to wet them thoroughly, so vegetation can benefit from the nutrients available on the mounds. Certain woody species preferentially establish on the termite mounds.