UXL Encyclopedia of Diseases and Disorders, Volume 5: Sh-Z by Rebecca J. Frey

By Rebecca J. Frey

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The syndrome was first identified by Dr. John Caffey (1895–1978), a pediatric radiologist, who published a landmark paper on it in 1972. Description Shaken baby syndrome is a type of traumatic brain injury that results when a baby or young child is grasped by the upper body and shaken back and forth by a teenager or adult. A baby has a relatively large and heavy head in comparison to the rest of its body, and it has weaker neck muscles than older children or adults. When the baby is shaken, or its head is struck against a wall or other hard surface, its brain moves back and forth inside the skull, causing tissue to bruise and small blood vessels to break.

Triplet: In genetics, a unit of three nucleotides that starts or stops the production of a specific protein. Triplets are also called codons. Trismus: The medical name for the spasms of the jaw muscles caused by tetanus. Trisomy: A type of genetic disorder in which a cell contains three copies of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two. Triticale: A grain that is a cross between wheat and rye, first grown in Scotland and Sweden in the nineteenth century. T-score: The score on a bone density test, calculated by comparing the patient's bone mineral density to that of a healthy thirty-year-old of the same sex and race.

Postpartum psychosis: A severe mental disorder in which the mother suffers from delusions or hallucinations. Prader-Willi syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation and an uncontrollable appetite for food. Premutation: An abnormally large number of repeated triplets in certain genes that does not cause obvious symptoms of a genetic disorder but can expand into a full mutation when transmitted to offspring. Prenatal: Before birth. UXL Encyclopedia of Diseases and Disorders li Words to Know Presbyopia: Age-related farsightedness caused by loss of flexibility in the lens of the eye.

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