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Additional resources for The Search for Alien Life (Scientific American Special Online Issue No. 4)
Example text
COPYRIGHT 2002 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC. NOVEMBER 2002 he presence of organic carbon molecules in ALH84001 constitutes the second group of clues. In recent years, researchers have found organic molecules not only in Martian meteorites but also in ones known to have come from the asteroid belt in interplanetary space, which could hardly support life. Nevertheless, the type and relative abundance of the specific organic molecules identified in ALH84001 are suggestive of life processes. The presence of indigenous organic molecules within ALH- 84001 is the first proof that such molecules have existed on Mars.
For example, in general a sample of carbon that has been a part of an organic chemical system— say, in plant matter—is somewhat more enriched in carbon 12, whereas carbon in limestone is relatively enriched in carbon 13. The carbon in the globules of ALH84001 is more enriched in carbon 13 than any natural materials on Earth. Moreover, the enrichment is different from that of the other 11 Martian meteorites. This fact suggests that the carbon in the globules—unlike the trace amounts of carbon seen in the other Martian meteorites—may have been derived from Mars’s atmosphere.
Interest in Martian life has tended to coincide with new discoveries about the mysterious red world. Historically, these discoveries have often occurred after one of the periodic close approaches between the two planets. Every 15 years, Mars comes within about 56 million kilometers of Earth (the next approach will occur in the summer of 2003). Typically, life on Mars was assumed to be as intelligent and sophisticated as that of Homo sapiens, if not more so. ) It was after one of the close approaches in the late 19th century that Italian astronomer Giovanni V.