By Gilberto Freyre, Samuel Putman, David H.P. Maybury-Lewis
E-book through Gilberto Freyre
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Extra info for The Masters and the Slaves (Casa-Grande & Senzala): A Study in the Development of Brazilian Civilization
Example text
20 Blockade and Economy International trade by way of the Paraná-Paraguay river system was available to Paraguay until Argentina entered the war in April 1865. But even before hostilities commenced against Brazil, it declined due to the disruption of yerba, tobacco, and timber exports brought about by the large recruitment of workers into the Paraguayan army in 1864. 21 Nationalist historians have stressed Paraguay’s ability to utilize native products and to improvise war materiel after international trade ceased.
75 Nationalists have rightly applauded the contributions that Paraguayan women made to the war effort. Yet did the government expect and demand too much of them? With all the will in the world, they faced limits to what they could accomplish. The lack of salt, the inability to clothe the army adequately, and the shortages of maize and manioc all suggest that the women who dominated the village economy by 1866 failed to meet the demands placed upon them. Women could never entirely assume the place of their men because some jobs requiring heaving, the lifting of considerable weights, and strenuous leverage were beyond them.
Carlos Antonio López realized this,and ironically with the aid of Brazilian military engineers,he constructed the river fort of Humaitá in the 1850s. Situated on a bluff on the southern shore of the Paraguay River at an abrupt, narrow bend, Humaitá commanded an excellent position to block the passage of any hostile fleet with concentrated, plunging cannon fire. Yet it was also a very difficult position for the Paraguayans to supply. The Humaitá region had none of the resources that the army needed.