By Ralph L. Nicholson, Lynn Epstein (auth.), Garry T. Cole, Harvey C. Hoch (eds.)
This treatise is concentrated on early features of fungal pathogenesis in plant and animal hosts. Our objective in identifying the subjects and individuals used to be to illustrate universal ways to reviews of fungal-plant and fungal-animal interactions, really on the biochemical and molecular Ievels. for instance, the preliminary occasions of adh«sion of fungal spores to the uncovered floor tissues of the host are crucial for next invasion of the plant or animal and institution of pathogenesis. some degree of consensus between investigators who've directed their recognition to such occasions in vegetation, bugs, and vertebrates isthat spore adhesion to the host cuticle or epithelium is greater than an easy binding occasion. lt is a posh and most likely pivotal approach in fungal-plant interactions which "may contain the secretion of ftuids that organize the an infection courtroom for the advance of morphological levels of the germling" and next invasion of the host (Nicholson and Epstein, bankruptcy 1). The attachment of the fungal propagule to the arthropod cuticle is additionally "mediated through the chemical elements current at the outer layer of the spore wall and the epicuticle . . . . preliminary attachment might be bolstered extra via both the energetic secretion of adhesive fabrics or the amendment of spore wall materiallocated on the [fungal spore arthropod] cuticle interface (Boucias and Pendland, bankruptcy 5).
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Sample text
30:290-298. , and Carlson, D. , 1985, lnduction of proline-rich glycoprotein synthesis in mouse salivary glands by isoproterenol and by tannins, J Biol. Chem. 260:4418-4423. , 1985, Quantitative estimation of the surface carhohydrates on the infection structures of ru~t fungi with enzymes and lectins, Arch. Microbiol. 140:307-311. Mims, C. , and Richardson, E. , 1989, Ultrastructure of appressorium development by basidiospore germlings of the rust fungus Gymnosporangiumjuniperi-virginianae, Protoplasma 148:111-119.
1967), the fungus forms an appressorium. 4. Hast-Pathogen lnteractions In addition to being involved in the induction of infection structures, adhesion seems tobe required for penetration by the mature infection structure. , 1979). , 1982) and infection cushions (Armentraut and Downer, 1987), are also tightly adhered to the plant surface. The adhesive material may also be important for other host-pathogen interactions. Adhesives, or other extracellular compounds, may enhance the physical contact between fungal toxins or enzymes which result in chemical alteration or debilitation of the host.
1 • Adhesion of Fungi to the Plant Surface 11 Bipolaris sorokiniana (Pringle, 1981), a galactosaminoglycan appears to serve as a surfacebinding compound while on C. graminicola appressoria, a "hemicellulose" is apparently involvcd in adhesion (Lapp and Skoropad, 1978). , 1982), Phytophthora cinnamomi and P. palmivora zoospores (Hinch and Clarke, 1980; Sing and Bartnicki-Garcia, 1975b), and Candida albicans cells (McCourtie and Douglas, 1985). In some cases where fungi adhere to roots, nematodes, other fungi, or animal cells, adhesion is mediated by Ieetin binding to specific haptens.