By Physics Survey Overview Committee, Board on Physics and Astronomy, National Research Council
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Additional info for Physics in a New Era: An Overview (Physics in a New Era: A Series)
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Atomic structure and interactions have also been measured much more accurately than before using such cooled and trapped samples. A special case has been the atomic clock, a device using the structure of the atom to define the second precisely (see sidebar “Atomic Clocks”). The world’s most precise clocks now use cesium fountains, in which samples of ultracold cesium atoms are launched upward. As the atoms ascend and then fall back to the source, the clock transition is measured with an inaccuracy of only 2 parts in 1015 (7 millionths of a second in a century).
This is the scale at which the binding together of protons and neutrons, the hard core of an atom, is salient. Nuclear physics deals with the dynamics of the core itself, how quantum mechanics can be applied to it, how its parts undertake certain collective motions up to and including fission. It lies at the base of our understanding Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. html 12 PHYSICS IN A NEW ERA of fission and fusion processes, which is central to the construction of nuclear arsenals and the nuclear power industry, as well as our attempts to explain the evolution of our Sun.
All rights reserved. html 1 Quantum Manipulation and New Materials The world of quantum mechanics, although strange and beautiful, seems remote from daily experience. Yet the physicist sees quantum mechanics in action all around us, in everything from the hardness of diamond to the colors of the rainbow. The central role that quantum mechanics plays in modern technology—from the lasers that read music from compact disks to the Global Positioning System (GPS) that guides aircraft through our crowded skies—remains largely unknown to users of these devices.