By Luis Santamaría, Lucia Alonso, Ildefonso Ingelmo, José Manuel Pozuelo, Rosario Rodriguez (auth.)
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Extra info for Neuroendocrine Cells and Peptidergic Innervation in Human and Rat Prostate
Sample text
In contrast to the situation observed in humans (Rode et al. 1985; Martin et al. 5-immunoreactive neuroendocrine cells were found in rats by some authors (Rodriguez et al. 2003); however, others (Ingelmo 2005) described occasional PGP-immunoreactive neuroendocrine cells in rat prostate. ; in this respect, some authors (Uchida et al. 2005) describe the characterization in vitro of a prostatic neuroendocrine cell line established from a neuroendocrine carcinoma of a transgenic mouse that produced serotonin and somatostatin in conditioned medium.
The prostate of the rat is constituted of three lobes that, according to their position around the proximal region of the urethra, can be designated as ventral, dorsal, and lateral lobes. Each is composed of a complex system of ducts proximally joining to the urethra and distally finishing in many secretory acini divided into branches and placed close to the prostate capsule (Fig. 18). The individual lobes do not encircle the urethra completely (Cunha et al. 1987). This explains why rodents, unlike humans, do not suffer symptoms of the lower urinary tract due to enlargement of the prostate (Maini et al.
1981; Fahrenkrug J et al. 1989; Edyvane et al. 1995). Neuroendocrine cells immunoreactive to VIP have not been described in the prostate. 4 Substance P The peptide substance P (SP) is comprised of 11 amino acids. It has been found in very limited quantities in the urogenital tract (Gu et al. 1983). The nerve fibers immunoreactive to SP have a similar distribution to that observed for CGRP fibers, and they are located in close relation to smooth vascular and nonvascular muscle and to epithelial cells (Fahrenkrug et al.