By Roger L.P. Adams, Roy H. Burdon
During the prior few a long time we have now witnessed an period of outstanding progress within the box of molecular biology. In 1950 little or no used to be recognized of the chemical structure of organic platforms, the style during which in formation was once transmitted from one organism to a different, or the level to which the chemical foundation of lifestyles is unified. the image this present day is dramati cally assorted. we've got a nearly bewildering number of details detailing many various features of lifestyles on the molecular point. those nice advances have introduced with them a few breath-taking insights into the molecular mechanisms utilized by nature for replicating, dispensing and editing organic details. we have now discovered greatly in regards to the chemical and actual nature of the macromolecular nucleic acids and proteins, and the way during which carbohydrates, lipids and smaller mole cules interact to supply the molecular atmosphere of residing structures. it would be stated that those few a long time have changed a close to vacuum of knowledge with a really huge surplus. it really is within the context of this flood of data that this sequence of mono graphs on molecular biology has been equipped. the belief is to collect in a single position, among the covers of 1 publication, a concise determine ment of the kingdom of the topic in a well-defined field.
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Additional resources for Molecular Biology of DNA Methylation
Example text
5. 7 p,M and for DNA between 1 and 90 nM in terms of acceptor sites. The turnover numbers for type II methylases are low. HpaI methylase will only transfer one methyl group per minute per monomer at 37°C. The Eco dam methylase will transfer 19 methyl groups per minute per monomer at 37°C. 2), and in vitro purified enzyme preparations can be used to saturate unmethylated DNA within a few minutes. 2 The Eco dam Methylase This enzyme has been purified to a specific activity of about 2 million units per mg protein by chromatography on alumina Cy gel, phenylalanine Sepharose, phosphocellulose, Blue dextran Sepharose, and tRNA agarose (Geier & Modrich, 1979; Herman & Modrich, 1982).
1984). It seems highly unlikely that methylation of runs of alternating CG nucleotides could directly affect the equilibrium between the Band Z conformers in vivo. An indirect action mediated by protein binding to a region of alternating purine and pyrimidine bases is not excluded and would not depend on runs of CG dinuc1eotides, but on the presence of one CG dinucleotide present in a run of alternating pyrimidine purine residues. Methylation of this cytosine could affect the binding of a protein, which was able to stabilize the region in a Z configuration.
Certainly this particular structure is recognized by SI nuclease (which digests single-stranded regions of DNA), and plasmids with inserts of 50 bp of Z-DNA are unstable, suggesting the presence of a structure that is possibly recognized by recombination enzymes. Vardimon and Rich (1984) have shown such stretches of Z-DNA to be resistant to both DNA methylase and restriction endonuclease. Nickol et al. (1982) have shown that nUcleosomes do not form on ZDNA. Thus a region of Z-DNA in chromatin would have the effect of (a) exposing a section of nucleosome-free DNA to regulatory proteins, and (b) providing a reference point beyond which nUcleosomes would occur at fixed positions (Phasing).