By Victor Hillier, Peter Coombs
Hillier's well-known sequence of motorcar know-how texts were thoroughly revised and up-to-date. counseled by way of the IMI, those 3 texts are a superb source for apprentices in addition to knowledgeable execs
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Additional info for Hillier's Fundamentals of Motor Vehicle Technology (Book 1), 5th Edition
Sample text
This deflection prevents the charge shooting straight across the cylinder and out of the exhaust port. As the piston rises on its next stroke the transfer and exhaust ports are re-covered and the cycle of operations begins again. In modern engines of this type the deflector on the top or the crown of the piston has been dispensed with, and the transfer port or ports (there are usually two) are shaped and aimed so as to direct the fresh mixture towards the top end of the cylinder away from the exhaust port.
In many petrol engines now, fuel is injected into the cylinder after the air has been drawn in; this is similar to the diesel engine process. 4, the air/fuel mixture (petrol engine) or air (diesel engine) commonly referred to as the ‘charge’ is introduced into the cylinder through a hole in the cylinder called the ‘inlet port’ which can be opened and closed as required. Once inside the cylinder the charge is then compressed by the upward movement of the piston before burning. If the charge is already compressed before it is ignited and burnt, this greatly increases the pressure after burning.
Additionally, the simple-type ignition systems have been replaced by more advanced, electronically controlled systems. In fact, as well as fuel and ignition control, many other aspects of petrol engine operation are precisely managed by a computer (electronic control). Such control is referred to as ‘engine management’. Since the end of the 1990s, diesel engine design has also been influenced by emissions legislation, and the latest diesel fuel systems are much more closely related to the petrol injection systems.