By M. Odekon
Edited via Odekon (economics, Skidmore Coll.), this well timed and exact three-volume set discusses all elements of poverty, together with its explanations, results, and results. The paintings covers significant U.S. and foreign antipoverty, improvement, and fiscal companies in addition to present and ancient poverty aid tasks. It additionally deals distinctive motives of significant and intricate measures and definitions, e.g., the Human Poverty Index (HPI). The nearly 800 A-to-Z articles are written through greater than a hundred twenty five individuals. There are entries for all 191 international locations of the realm and appendixes with source of revenue measures and important data for every state and for the fifty one usa. a number of entries research very important figures all for both lowering poverty or knowing this advanced challenge. Entries are supplied for every U.S. presidential management and for suitable humanitarians, sociologists, authors, and economists. Many noteworthy members and occasions no longer given major entries are addressed in applicable article different types (e.g., Jane Addams is referenced within the article approximately Hull House). There also are worthy go references; article bibliographies; a word list; a source consultant that lists vital books, journals, and sites; and an index that highlights major article issues and corresponding volumes and web page numbers in boldface. final analysis The inclusion of storm Katrina (in the "Natural failures" article) exhibits that this source is really present. good designed and vital for tutorial and secondary institution reference collections, it truly is a massive relief for public directors, politicians, and others formulating public guidelines and studying their influence on society.
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Sample text
Since 1980, zones have been widely implemented in the United States, the United Kingdom, and to a lesser extent in other countries. The theory of access-to-enterprise zones is simple. Their practice has proven more complicated. Four factors seem to be significant in their success or failure. First, studies have found that if an area has good general economic conditions and infrastructure, a zone is more likely to stimulate business investment and employment. However, good economic conditions and infrastructure are seldom found in areas that house substantial numbers of lower-income people, the improvement of whose welfare is the reason for creating the zones.
For example, one contemporary version of the argument states that seeing one’s mother on welfare takes away the stigma of welfare receipt making one more willing to “choose” welfare (rather than work) as a source of income when one becomes an adult. Culture-based theories have been espoused by scholars such as Oscar Lewis, Charles Murray, and Larry Meade. The hypotheses are difficult to test empirically, however. Cross-generational correlations can exist for many reasons. For example, if employers refuse to hire African Americans for decades, then successive generations of African Americans can be expected to be jobless or African Development Foundation 11 SEE ALSO: Children and Poverty; Culture of Poverty; Education; Racial Discrimination; Social Exclusion; Unemployment; Welfare Dependence; Working Poor.
Int (cited July 2005). D. S. policies that affect Africans. AFJN focuses on issues of human rights and social justice that are directly related to Catholic social teachings. S. economic and political policies that benefit Africans in poverty, assist in the cessation of armed conflicts, establish fair trade and investment with Africa, and promote sustainable economic development that is sensitive to the environment. In an effort to promote peace, economic justice, and human rights, AFJN staff members publish articles, provide leadership on congressional resolutions, and collaborate with other coalitions and NGO partners.