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Extra info for Economic Factors in Population Growth: Proceedings of a Conference held by the International Economic Association at Valescure, France
Example text
The satisfaction of the genetic instinct, moral satisfaction given by children and of course the economic benefit by the numerically largest classes of society. (§ 266) From the analysis of the population problem as a whole it follows that economic factors exercise a profound influence. For an advanced society population movements depend upon changes in economic conditions. (§ 268) There is good reason for pointing out that the optimum satisfaction of parents is not identical with that of children.
Certainly Professor Schultz took this view, as an argument against undue emphasis on per capita income. Professor Ohlin did not know how far to push the point, but he had mentioned disequilibrium analysis. To claim that people had children that they did not want was surely the argument for family planning. Claiming that people did not know how many children they ought to want was taking the argument one stage further. What Dr Lesthaeghe had said was in line with his own suggestion that in the real world the family was not a simple social unit, as economic analysis might suggest.
Ohlin's theory has recently been re-examined and developed in certain respects by Susan Hill Cochrane (1973): this author has been particularly concerned with the cost involved in a change of population different from the natural change. It is similarly in terms of the possibilities of accumulation that in Section III below I shall attempt to develop a theory of the optimum rate of population growth. But I shall attempt to do this firstly while taking account of the effects of population growth on the input of human capital and on technological progress and not merely on the accumulation of material capital, and secondly while assuming that material capital and human skills are complementary as well as capable of substitution for each other, and not merely the latter.