By Cornelius A. Tobias
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Extra resources for Space Radiation Biology and Related Topics. Prepared under the Direction of the American Institute of Biological Sciences for the Office of Information Services, United States Atomic Energy Commission
Sample text
The largest adjusted in tensity, however, is 4-6 X 104 particles/cm 2 -sec from the event on July 10, 1959, had it occurred at 60° W longitude. Thus, it is possible to en counter intensities some five times greater than were measured at the orbit of the earth, even without admitting the possibility of larger intrinsic events on the sun than occurred in Cycle 19. Specific assumptions concerning the diffusion characteristics of the interplanetary medium had to be made for this estimation. An accurate knowledge of the solar magnetic field and propagation characteristics of the interplanetary medium at event onset and subsequently during particle transport is important in predicting the resultant intensities at earth orbit.
22 STANLEY B. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 6. 7. 8. 1. 68 68 68 70 70 71 71 82 85 89 91 92 INTRODUCTION During the last 10 years, a new field in nuclear science has been emerg ing. It has been given various names, but the most descriptive, perhaps, is radiation bioastronautics. One important area in this field is the study of the radiation hazard in manned space flight. This area combines knowledge in three distinct and widely separated disciplines: the space radiation environment, interaction of the radiation with a shielding sys tem, and effects of the transmitted radiation on the space travelers.
Balloon data now show a component of the cosmic rays with Z con siderably greater than that of the iron group, extending out to the very end of the stable region of the periodic table (as found in plastic sheets: Blanford et al, 1969) and perhaps slightly beyond (in nuclear emulsion: Fowler et al, 1967; in plastics: Price et al, 1969). 5 shows the track of a very heavy nucleus (with Z around 90) detected in nuclear emulsion, along with that of a relativistic iron nucleus for comparison (Fowler, 1969).