By Linda Keeling, Harold Gonyou
*Animal welfare/behavior matters have gotten more and more important
*Combines theoretical and functional information about the social habit of our commonest farm species
*Written through major specialists from round the world
An realizing of social habit is more and more precious in farm animal husbandry as extra animals are housed in teams instead of in person stalls or pens. there's fiscal or welfare purposes for such housing. This publication is the 1st to in particular tackle this crucial topic. The chapters fall into 3 large topic components: recommendations in social habit, species particular chapters and present concerns. Authors comprise prime specialists from Europe, North the USA, Australia and New Zealand.
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Extra resources for Social Behaviour in Farm Animals
Example text
Grouping may benefit individuals through better predator detection, attack dilution and joint predator defence, but it also increases their conspicuousness. In shoaling fish, for example, visual conspicuousness rather than shoal size alone has been shown to be a key factor in determining predation risk (Krause and Godin, 1995). Conspicuousness can also work against groups of predators. g. Amat and Rilla, 1994). g. prairie dogs: Hoogland, 1979; cliff swallows: Brown and Brown, 1986). Whether grouping is costly or beneficial in terms of probability of infection depends on the mode of parasite transmission: grouping increases an individual’s chances of infection with contact-transmitted parasites and decreases its rate of infection with mobile parasites which do not rely on host proximity for transmission (Cote and Poulin, 1995).
Behavioral Ecology 7, 408–416. Bateson, M. and Kacelnik, A. (1997) Starlings’ preferences for predictable and unpredictable delays to food. Animal Behaviour 53, 1129–1142. A. L. (1998) Randomness, chaos, confusion in the study of antipredator vigilance. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 13, 284–287. L. M. (1993) Social dynamics of mouflon (Ovis ammon) during rut. International Journal of Mammalian Biology 58, 294–301. R. B. (1986) Ectoparasitism as a cost of coloniality in cliff swallows (Hirudino pyrrhonata).
Similarly, a variable which appears to favour group life in the present need not necessarily have been an important selection pressure in evolutionary history. 3 Feeding Without Being Fed Upon: Benefits and Costs of Group Life In the previous section, we saw that natural selection promotes behaviours which will maximize an individual’s inclusive fitness. Animals that live in groups must gain fitness advantages which exceed those available from solitary life. In this section we attempt to identify some of the benefits and costs of group living, focusing in particular on its effects on foraging efficiency and predator avoidance to suggest two important selection pressures which may have favoured group living over solitary life during evolution.