By N. K. Kochetkov, E. I. Budovskii (auth.), N. K. Kochetkov, E. I. Budovskii (eds.)
The examine of nucleic acids is likely one of the such a lot quickly constructing fields in glossy technological know-how. The awfully very important function of the nucleic acids as a key to the certainty of the character of lifestyles is mirrored within the huge, immense variety of released works at the topic, together with many notable monographs and surveys. The pathways of syn thesis and metabolism of nucleic acid,s and the various and sundry organic features of those biopolymers are tested with the maximum element within the literature. approximately as a lot realization has been paid to the macromolecular chemistry of the nucleic acids: elucidation of the dimensions and form in their molecules, the research of the physicochemical houses in their ideas, and the precise the right way to be utilized in such study. The surveys of the chemistry of nucleic acids which were released up to now deal nearly totally with their synthesis and, particularly, with the artificial chemistry of monomers (nucleosides and nucleotides) ; much less cognizance has been paid to the synthesis of poly nucleotides. there's one more hugely vital point of the chemistry of nucleic acids that's nonetheless within the formative level, the research of the reactivity of nucleic acid macromolecules and their elements. this may make an enormous contribution to the deter mination of the constitution of those notable biopolymers and to the right kind realizing in their organic functions.
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Extra resources for Organic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids: Part B
Sample text
Another compound used to modify the cytosine ring has been O-benzylhydroxylamine [158], but this has not become popular because of its sparing solubility in water. A similar mechanism of the reaction with hydroxylamines has also been proposed for cytidine derivatives such as 4-exo-N-methyl- (La),4-exo-N,N H _ ""N~O Y I ~ 293 C)m () I/"N)l~ I I N~O I I ~ XXXVlII ~ XXXIX R denotes ribose residue The reaction between the minor nucleosides of RNA and sodium borohydride takes place under mild conditions and can be used for the specific modification of tRNA, because uridine and cytidine do not take part in this reaction. In the presence of UV irradiation, however, uridine is reduced by sodium borohydridewiththe formation of 5,6-dihydrouridine (see page 562). Purine derivatives. The purine ring in nucleosides is very resistant to the action of reducing agents. 1 for D-methylhydroxylamine [147]. The existence of a pH optimum is probably explained on the assumption that the reaction is due primarily to interaction of the protonated molecule of the cytosine derivative with the neutral molecule of the reagent. The discrepancy between the observed optimal pH values and those calculated from the values of pKa of the reangents [148, 149] is probably explained by the complex character of the reaction. (XL VII) and 4-hydroxyamino-2-oxo-derivatives (XLVIII) [145, 146, 150152].