By Philip Rabinowitz
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Extra info for Numerical methods for nonlinear algebraic equations
Example text
Thus, the discovery of the muon-neutrino is naturally wrapped up in the framework of the four-component theory and restricts the applicability of the two-component theory of Lee, Yang and Landau. The next, extremely important step in the development of the science of the elementary particles was the discovery of the strange particles (Ä-mesons and hyperons). The strangeness of their behaviour is manifested in the fact that their decay process takes place according to one reaction, and their process of formation takes place according to another, t Thus, for example, the lambda-hyperon (Λ is a neutral particle), under the action of weak interactions (with a lifetime of 10" 10 sec) decays into a proton (p) and a n~-meson.
In order to describe the new property of the neutrino with a rest mass exactly equal to zero, Weyl's two-component equation can be used, generally speaking. However, this equation does not remain invariant as a result of transition from a right-handed system of coordinates into a left-handed system. , into a non-existent state. In order that the right-handed neutrino should again be made existent, they proposed that the P-transformation should be further supplemented by a C-transformation. Then, as a result of these two joint transformations, the left-handed neutrino should be converted into a real right-handed antineutrino.
32 Elementary Particles only in 1957 that Reines and Cowan succeeded in detecting the antineutrino, when powerful sources of these elusive particles were built (a reactor with a power of 300 Megawatts). , ten thousand thousand million) should fall on each square centimetre per second. The antineutrino was captured by protons of hydrogencontaining substances according to the reaction, which is the reverse of beta-decayf : v + p-> n + e+ A ton of water absorbed only a few particles of the powerful stream of antineutrinos and approximately 100 transformations per hour occurred of a proton into a neutron and a positron (the effective cross section was found to be equal to about 10~44 cm2).