By Linda M. Abriola
Groundwater has lengthy been one of many world's most crucial assets. It money owed for roughly ninety six% of all clean water within the usa and offers greater than 50% of the inhabitants with potable water. traditionally, this water resource has quite often been considered as pristine. although, lately, illness of flooring water through business items has turn into an issue of growing to be predicament. up to now 4 a long time, the diversity and volume of natural chemical substances produced within the U. S. has gradually elevated. at present, greater than 40,000 diverse natural compounds are being synthetic, trans ported, used and finally disposed of within the surroundings (Wilson, et !l (1981». construction and intake of petroleum items has additionally risen during this comparable period of time. lots of those business compounds are hugely poisonous and somewhat water soluble. therefore, they pose a poten tial hazard to massive volumes of groundwater in the event that they are one way or the other intro duced into the subsurface. elevated construction of chemical substances implies the elevated danger of unintended spills or leakage to the soil, and certainly, the literature abounds with illness case histories. 2 Incidences of petroleum infection of groundwater were documented via many authors. for instance, see: Schwi11e (1967); Toms (1971); Guenther (1972); McKee, et!l (1912); Williams and Wilder (1971); Van100cke, et ~]-
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Extra resources for Multiphase Migration of Organic Compounds in a Porous Medium: A Mathematical Model
Example text
Assuming a Freundlich isotherm representation of adsorption, the external sink term in (2,42) will be replaced by the expres~ pWEWf~ si on: where S' K'(ww)l/n = 2 is the amount of adsorbed solute in gig of soil. 42) may now be expanded as: r~--------------~k~----------------------~, r-------________ ~A~ r-------------__ ~, ~A~_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~, o + CD, ®, and Expression CD accounts The expressions water phase. 45) will be considered in turn. for the mass of species 2 dissolved in the Although this species has been assumed only slightly water 42 soluble, this soluble fraction will be of primary importance in the investigation of the extent of a pollution problem.
30). 6 Species 2 Equation The mass balance equation for species 2 is the most complicated of the species equations. Component 2 may be present in any of the three fluid phases, migrating by convection and/or diffusive/dispersive phenomena. The species may also adsorb onto soil grains or be biodegraded and consequently lost to the system. 42). One involves the biologic breakdown of the contaminant. subject of biodegradation in the subsurface is a very complex one. The A brief overview of this topic for hydrocarbon contaminants is presented by the American Petroleum Institute (1972).
Et ~ (1977), Nathwani (See, for example, Van der Waarden. and Phillips (1977), Wilson, et Rao and Davidson (1979». ~ (1981), and Adsorption of a contaminant directly from the gas phase is a process which has not been examined by experimentalists and will be neglected here (f~ zO). There is experimental evidence to suggest that adsorption of the contaminant as a non-aqueous phase is also probably not an -important phenomena (Schwil1e (1967». Water, the wetting phase, will preferentially surround the soil grains, separating any organic from the grain surfaces.