By Karl Mannheim
Mannheim, a pioneer within the box of SOCIOLOGY (740), the following analyzes the ideologies which are used to stabilize a social order and the wish-dreams which are hired while any transformation of that very same order is tried. Translated and with a Foreword by way of Louis Wirth and Edward Shils; Preface through Wirth; Indices.
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Extra info for Ideology and Utopia: An Introduction to the Sociology of Knowledge
Example text
He finds himself in an inherited situation with patterns of thought which are appropriate to this situation and attempts to elaborate further the inherited modes of response or to sub stitute others for them in order to deal more adequately with the new challenges which have arisen out of the shifts and changes in his situation. Every individual is therefore in a two-fold sense predetermined by the fact of growing up in a society : on the one hand h� finds a ready-made situation and on the other he finds in that situation preformed patterns of thought and of conduct.
It is the merit of Max Weber 1 to have clearly shown in his sociology of religion how often the same religion is variously experienced by peasants, artisans, merchants, nobles, and intellectuals. In a society organized along the lines of closed castes or ranks the comparative absence of vertical mobility served either to isolate from each other the divergent world-views or if, for example, they experienced a common religion, according to their different contexts of life, they inter- / preted it in a different way.
The more static a society is, the more likely is it that this stratum will acquire a well-defined status or the position of a caste in that society. Thus the magicians, the Brahmins, the medieval clergy are to be regarded as intellectual strata, each of which in its society enjoyed a mono polistic control over the moulding of that society's world-view, and over either the reconstruction or the reconciliation of the differences in the naively formed world-views of the other strata. The sermon, the confession, the lesson, are, in this sense, means by which reconciliation of the different conceptions of the.