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In fact, the change of current is in phase with the change in voltage. An ‘‘in-phase’’ condition exists when the sine waves of voltage and current are precisely in step with one another. If a circuit has two or more voltage pulses but each has its own sine wave that begins and ends its cycle at sine waves are 180 degrees out-of-phase, they will cancel each other out if they are of the same voltage and current. If two or more sine waves are not 180 degrees out-of-phase, the effective voltage and current are determined by the position and direction of the sine waves at a given point within the circuit.
Magnetic poles in an electromagnet is directly proportional to the number of turns of wire and the current flowing through them. The behavior of an electromagnet can be summarized by these points: n n n Field strength increases if current through the coil increases. Field strength increases if the number of coil turns increases. If reluctance increases, field strength decreases. Induced Voltage is the sum of all the single-loop magnetic fields (Figure 2-33). The overall effect is the same as placing many wires side by side, each carrying current in the same direction.
Negatively charged particles called electrons orbit around every nucleus. The electrons stay in orbit around the nucleus because they are naturally attracted to the protons. Electricity is the flow of electrons from one atom to another (Figure 2-1). The release of energy as one electron leaves the orbit of one atom and jumps into the orbit of another is electrical energy. The key to creating electricity is to provide a reason for the electrons to move to another atom. Electrons have a negative charge and are attracted to something with a positive charge.