By Takashi Kumagai
The hydrogen bond represents a major interplay among molecules, and the dynamics of hydrogen bonds in water create an ever-present query linked to the method of chemical and organic reactions. regardless of a variety of reviews, the method continues to be poorly understood on the microscopic point simply because hydrogen-bond dynamics, resembling bond rearrangements and hydrogen/proton move reactions, are super tough to probe. these reports were conducted via spectroscopic tools the place the sign stems from the ensemble of a method and the hydrogen-bond dynamics have been inferred in some way. This booklet addresses the direct imaging of hydrogen-bond dynamics inside of water-based version structures assembled on a steel floor, utilizing a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). The dynamics of person hydrogen bonds in water clusters, hydroxyl clusters, and water-hydroxyl complexes are investigated along side density sensible conception. In those version platforms, quantum dynamics of hydrogen bonds, resembling tunneling and zero-point nuclear movement, are saw in genuine area. so much significantly, hydrogen atom relay reactions, that are usually invoked throughout many fields of chemistry, are visualized and regulated by means of STM. This paintings offers a way of learning hydrogen-bond dynamics on the single-molecule point, supplying an enormous contribution to vast fields past floor chemistry.
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Extra info for Visualization of Hydrogen-Bond Dynamics: Water-Based Model Systems on a Cu(110) Surface
Example text
Custance, S. Morita, Nanotechnology 16, S112 (2005) 85. Y. , Nat. Mater. 4, 156 (2005) 86. Y. , Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 106104 (2007) Chapter 3 Experiments Abstract I describe experimental details in this chapter. All experiments were conducted under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions. In general, since singlecrystalline surfaces of semiconductor and metal are very reactive, they are readily contaminated by H2O, O2, etc. in atmospheric conditions. Therefore, UHV conditions (\10-10 Torr) are essential to avoid contaminations from such gases and keep well-defined conditions at the atomic level.
M. P. F. J. J. Heinrich, Science 319, 1066 (2008) 84. N. Oyabu, Y. Sugimoto, M. Abe, Ó. Custance, S. Morita, Nanotechnology 16, S112 (2005) 85. Y. , Nat. Mater. 4, 156 (2005) 86. Y. , Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 106104 (2007) Chapter 3 Experiments Abstract I describe experimental details in this chapter. All experiments were conducted under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions. In general, since singlecrystalline surfaces of semiconductor and metal are very reactive, they are readily contaminated by H2O, O2, etc.
Tunneling current fluctuates between the high and low current states corresponding to the two molecular orientations under the STM tip. From this measurement the time spent at the each state can be obtained and the rotation rate is determined by the statistical analysis of the distribution of the time intervals of the rotation events. 4 Time-Resolved Measurement of an STM 41 exponential decay function, N = N0exp(-Rt), where N is the event number, N0 is pre-exponential factor, R is the rate of the event and t is the time.