By N. Watson, M.S. Janota
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Additional info for Turbocharging the Internal Combustion Engine
Sample text
The turbine converts this to useful power output. Engines have been built using this principle, some of the free-piston type, but again, they have not been commercially successful. 1. 7 Turbocharging the Spark-ignition Engine Today turbocharged diesel engines are common but turbocharged petrol engines are rare. There are sound reasons, both technical and economic for this situ- 16 TURBOCHARGING THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE ation. The principal reasons stem from the difference between the combustion systems of petrol and diesel engines.
The arrangement is ideal for self-contained lubrication systems when using rolling-contact bearings. The turbine-<:nd bearing can be effectively cooled by housing it in a water-cooled casing. This design layout is suitable for turbochargers with axial flow turbines and is very popular with manufacturers of medium and large-size turbochargers. Dynamically it gives very stable operation, provided the rotor speed is kept below the first critical speed of the rotating assembly. The introduction of resilient mountings in the bearing assembly to prevent 'brinelling' of the rolling bearings has been found to raise the fundamental first critical speed of the shaft by up to 50 per cent.
There exist a number of different types of compressors and turbines (or expanders), but few of these are ideally suitable to form the basis of an exhaust-gas driven supercharging system. The combination of a singlestage centrifugal compressor and a single-stage axial flow or radial flow turbine is almost universally used in turbochargers. The former type with the axial flow turbine is used for most of the medium and large size engines suitable for rail traction, industrial and marine purposes and the latter type with the radial flow turbine for small engines of the automotive (truck and automobile) type.