By Brooke Larson
Brooke Larson's interpretive research of the historical past of Andean peasants finds the demanding situations of country making within the republics of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia through the risky 19th century. Nowhere in Latin the USA have been postcolonial transitions extra turbulent than within the Andes, the place communal indigenous roots grew deep and the place the "Indian challenge" appeared so discouraging to liberalizing states. The research increases broader concerns concerning the interaction of liberalism, racism, and ethnicity within the formation of exclusionary "republics with out voters" over the 19th century.
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Extra resources for Trials of Nation Making: Liberalism, Race, and Ethnicity in the Andes, 1810-1910
Sample text
28 Andean Landscapes early 1500s, toward the very end of the Inca reign. In fact, Huayna ´ Capac himself was struck down by smallpox in 1525, just as he was advancing the northern edge of Tawantinsuyu into territory that is, today, Ecuador and southern Colombia. Even under Spanish rule, the northern Andes remained on the political and territorial periphery of the new Viceroyalty of Peru. The Spanish colonial project was anchored in the emerging geo-political triangle of the South Andes – the capital of the Viceroyalty, Lima; the conquered Inca capital of Cuzco; and the booming silver mines of Potos´ı.
Looming over the coastal plain is the western cordillera, which rise to an average elevation of more than 12,000 feet above sea level. Yet just as the tropical coast of the north turns arid as it moves southward, so do the mountains shed their vegetation as they twist and thrust their way down the western edge of the continent. Ecuador’s green humid mountains reemerge as massive jumbles of mountain shaded in hues of copper, yellow, and brown and crowned by jagged, snow-capped peaks. But where the mountainous landscape is more breathtaking, the climate is harsher, and subsistent farming is all the more challenging.
Only Colombia seemed to entertain an alternative racial project of “whitening” through mestizaje. By contrast, myths of mestizaje rarely fired the Creole imagination in the rest of the Andean region, where writers and politicians preferred idioms of race, region, culture to reinforce class inequalities and to position its indigenous peoples at the margins of nation and modernity. Indeed, it is plausible to argue that Creole elites deliberately clung to idioms of internal colonialism (newly dressed in fashionable racialized language) precisely in order to control Indian labor and preempt any sort of Mexican-styled upheaval among its rural masses.