By Anthony Giddens
During this significant theoretical assertion, the writer deals a brand new and provoctive interpretation of institutional changes linked to modernity. what's modernity? the writer indicates, “As a primary approximation, allow us to easily say the next: ‘modernity’ refers to modes of social lifestyles or association which emerged in Europe from concerning the 17th century onwards and which accordingly turned kind of all over the world of their influence.”
We don't as but, the writer argues, stay in a post-modern international. The specific features of our significant social associations within the remaining years of the 20th century recommend that, instead of stepping into a interval of post-modernity, we're stepping into a interval of “high modernity” within which the implications of modernity have gotten extra radicalized and universalized than prior to. A post-modern social universe could eventualy come into being, yet this as but lies at the different aspect of the sorts of social and cultural association that at present dominate international historical past.
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Extra resources for The Consequences of Modernity
Sample text
The elementary trust which any initiation of an encounter presumes tends to be sanctioned by a perception of "established trustworthiness'' and/or by the maintenance of informal rituals-again, often of a complex kind. Encounters with strangers or acquaintances-people whom an individual has met before, but does not know well-balance trus tact, and power. Tact and rituals of politeness are mutu protective devices, which strangers or acquaintance 82 knowingly use (mostly on the level of practical consciousness) as a kind of implicit social contact.
The administrative system of the capitalist state, and of modern states in general, has to be interpreted in terms of the coordinated control over delimited territorial arenas which it achieves. As was mentioned earlier, no premodern states were able even to approach the level of administrative coordination developed in the nation-state. Such administrative concentration depends in turn upon the development of surveillance capacities well beyond those characteristic of traditional civilisations, and the apparatuses of surveillance constitute a third institutional dimension associated, like capitalism and indus57 trialism, with the rise of modernity.
Nation-states, and the nation-state system, cannot be explained in terms of the rise of capitalistic enterprise, however convergent the interests of states and capitalistic prosperity have sometimes been. The nation-state system was forged by myriad contingent events from the loosely scattered order of post-feudal kingdoms and principalities whose existence distinguished Europe from centralised agrarian empires. The spread of modern institutions across the world was originally a Western phenomenon and was affected by all four institutional dimensions mentioned above.