By Émile Durkheim
Initially released in 1897, this can be Durkheim's pioneering try and supply a sociological reason for a phenomenon seemed till then as completely mental and individualistic.
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Additional info for Suicide: A Study in Sociology (Routledge Classics)
Sample text
Applied to the specialized forms of these faculties, the same principle led to the theory that a lesion may exclusively affect an impulse, an action or an isolated idea. Today however this opinion has been universally discarded. The non-existence of monomanias cannot indeed be proved from direct suicide and psychopathic states observation, but not a single incontestable example of their existence can be cited. Clinical experience has never been able to observe a diseased mental impulse in a state of pure isolation; whenever there is lesion of one faculty the others are also attacked, and if these concomitant lesions have not been observed by the believers in monomania, it is because of poorly conducted observations.
In that case, the only possible subject of observation is the mental states of the individual, since nothing else exists. That, however, is the field of psychology. From this point of view the essence of marriage, for example, or the family, or religion, consists of individual needs to which these institutions supposedly correspond: paternal affection, filial love, sexual desire, the socalled religious instinct, etc. These institutions themselves, with their varied and complex historical forms, become negligible and of little significance.
Brief studies and hasty intuitions are not enough for the discovery of the laws of so complex a reality. And, above all, such large and abrupt generalizations are not capable of any xxxiv preface sort of proof. All that is accomplished is the occasional citation of some favorable examples illustrative of the hypothesis considered, but an illustration is not a proof. Besides, when so many various matters are dealt with, none is competently treated and only casual sources can be employed, with no means to make a critical estimate of them.