By Paul W. Posner (auth.)
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Additional resources for State, Market, and Democracy in Chile: The Constraint of Popular Participation
Example text
Skocpol refines this understanding by emphasizing the importance of the institutional arrangements of the state and political parties, which “affect the capabilities of various groups to achieve selfconsciousness, organize and make alliances” (1992, 47). In other words, the state plays a fundamental role in structuring the political identities, opportunities, and capacities of groups throughout civil society. The manner in which the state performs this function under neoliberalism differs radically from the way it operated under statism.
This analysis reveals the shortcomings in theoretical approaches that do not recognize the fundamental interrelationship between the state and civil society. On the basis of this critique, the section on “State Embeddedness and Political Opportunity” more fully articulates the alternative framework for understanding popular sector collective action adumbrated above and indicates its relevance to the analysis developed in subsequent chapters. Marginality and Modernization Theory Many of the original theories of popular sector participation and collective action in Latin America were essentially theories of marginality.
The State in Society / 27 The Political Economy and Social Capital Perspectives Like the proponents of NSMs, advocates of market-based reform and social capital have begun to see the development process in terms that emphasize the role of the state in promoting participation. Despite this innovation, however, the tendency has been in much of the political economy literature and research on social capital to conceptualize the state in a manner that fails to capture its status as both a reflection of power and resource disparities in civil society and a prime agent in the construction of such disparities.