By Cristian Kunusch, Paul Puleston, Miguel Mayosky
Sliding-mode keep watch over of PEM gasoline Cells demonstrates the applying of higher-order sliding-mode keep watch over to PEMFC dynamics displaying the benefits of sliding modes.
The booklet introduces the speculation of gas cells and sliding-mode regulate. It contextualises PEMFCs either when it comes to their improvement and in the hydrogen economic climate and today’s power construction scenario as an entire. It then discusses fuel-cell operation rules, the mathematical historical past of high-order sliding-mode keep watch over and to a feasibility examine for using sliding modes within the regulate of an automobile gasoline stack.
Part II offers experimental result of sliding-mode-control program to laboratory gas cells and offers with subsystem-based modelling, designated layout, and observability and controllability. Simulation effects are contrasted with empirical info and function, robustness and implementation matters are taken care of intensive. percentages for destiny learn also are laid out.
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Example text
To a great extent, this part has been inspired in the works and results from [5, 25, 31, 33]. 2 Variable Structure Control Preliminaries The variable structure control and associated sliding modes were firstly proposed and developed by Stanislav Emelyanov and Vadim Utkin in the early 1950s in the Soviet Union [16, 43]. The most relevant feature of the SM control is its ability to C. 1007/978-1-4471-2431-3_3, © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2012 35 36 3 Fundamentals of Sliding-Mode Control Design generate robust control algorithms that are invariant under certain conditions.
The specifications are fulfilled when s is constrained ∂s non-null on X [38]. 11) defines a locally regular manifold in X (of dimension n − 1 in the case of a SISO system), called sliding manifold or, simply, switching surface. This order reduction feature is a characteristic of SM control systems (first and HOSM) and indicates that the subspace on which the sliding movements occur have “non-zero co-dimension”, meaning that after reaching the sliding regime, the trajectories of the system will remain within a subspace of lower dimension than the space generated by n states.
Water content of an MEA depends on many factors and is closely related with operating conditions. For instance, in open circuit and also at low current densities, the small water production by oxygen reduction causes the MEA humidification levels to decrease, although the reacting gases are saturated with vapour. This is because water absorption in perfluoro-sulfonated membranes is lower when the membrane has been equilibrated with vapour instead of liquid water. Besides, at higher current densities, the electro-osmotic dragging of water through the membrane tends to dry the anode.