By Ross Robert Olney
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Re is the Reynolds number. B is the cylinder bore (m). ρ is the gas density (kg/m3 ). μ is the gas dynamic viscosity [kg/(m s)]. 7, for a compression ignition engine. 8, it depends on the intensity of charge motion and engine design, increasing with it. 075σ, for a spark ignition engine, only during combustion. , the radiation term is negligible. 3. 50) Here Vdt is the swept volume (m3 ). The symbols pr , Vr , Tr are respectively the pressure, volume, and temperature at a reference condition, such as the inlet valve closure, and pm is the motoring pressure (bar).
Since the combustion process directly affects engine performance and emissions, the development of an appropriate combustion model is crucial in any computer simulation of internal combustion engines. The combustion process determines the amount of heat release and its timing, and this, in turn, influences all the other phenomena during engine operation. Specifically, we will show in Chap. 5 that a combustion model can be used effectively to describe the cycle-to-cycle variability in engine operation.
Composed of reaction products. As it will be explained later, both mixtures coexist during combustion in the cylinder. This is one of the main identifying characteristics of two-zone simulations. 4 Details of the mass fluxes during intake and exhaust and possible valve geometries are given in Appendix B. The initial values for pressure and temperature required to solve these equations are those at the intake and exhaust ducts that should be considered as input data. It is usual to lengthen the valve open periods beyond intake and exhaust strokes in order to improve filling and emptying of the cylinders.