By Jitka Soukopova
The vital Sahara is taken into account the best museum of rock paintings on the earth containing numerous thousand prehistoric and up to date pictures. The oldest work, known as around Heads, originated in the course of a damp part within the tenth millennium earlier than current and so they have been created by means of dark-skinned hunter-gatherers residing in Algerian and Libyan mountains. Rock shelters express regularly anthropomorphic figures with physique work and different elaborations attesting old rituals and ceremonies. basically animal species-antelope and mouflon-appear to be as very important as women and men; combined with them at the comparable partitions those animals had a primary position within the ideology of the interval. because the discovery by means of Europeans within the nineteenth century, examine within the Sahara has been scarce as a result tricky operating stipulations and to the complex politics linked to nationwide permissions. The rock artwork and the archaeology have continuously been taken care of as separated disciplines and purely hardly ever the work have been linked to a fabric tradition. they've been defined and labeled yet now not interpreted since it was once thought of unachievable. utilizing interdisciplinary reviews this booklet ways the formerly overlooked fields of the Saharan rock paintings research and it proposes new methods within the learn of the paintings and its societies
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Additional info for Round heads : the earliest rock paintings in the Sahara
Sample text
Indeed, during the wet phase of the Early Holocene, which started at around 9,500 BP, fishing and the exploitation of other aquatic food resources played a large part in the economy of a vast area of the central and southern Sahara from the Nile Valley to Mali. Although hunting and gathering continued, the pre-eminence of fishing allowed larger populations to remain for longer periods of time at individual sites. Bone harpoon heads and dotted wavy line pottery were the characteristic artefacts of this development (Haaland 1992).
The low chronology is undermined by the fact that in cases of the superimposition of clearly definable styles, the Pastoral style lies over the Round Head style and therefore later. In several cases brightly coloured Pastoral cattle are depicted over faded Round Head compositions. The archaeological record also suggests that painting was practised before the advent of domestication. At Uan Afuda cave in the Acacus ten excavated grinding stones bear traces of red and yellow colours, and a wooden spatula with traces of red ochre was dated to 8,790 BP.
Whilst in the Acacus the forms are slightly more varied, in the Algerian Tadrart they show a very stereotyped shape. The figures are generally between 12 and 60 cm high and they are executed by carving or by very fine pecking. They consist of an oval body with four very short appendages, two lateral and two at the bottom, evoking arms and legs. In most cases they have a fifth appendage between the “legs” suggesting a penis and sometimes their limbs present three or four fingers. Sometimes they seem to represent social relations, such as a couple united by hands.