Proceedings in Echo-Encephalography: International Symposium by W. Schiefer (auth.), Dr. med. Ekkehard Kazner, Professor,

By W. Schiefer (auth.), Dr. med. Ekkehard Kazner, Professor, Dr. med. Wolfgang Schiefer, Prof. Dr. med. Klaus Joachim Zülch (eds.)

The research of the mind through ultrasound has obtained expanding significance within the final years since it allows perception into the spatial relationships in the intact human cranium very quickly with no endangering the sufferer. the line from the 1st extremely­ sonic investigations at the uncovered mind to the detection of intracranial midline shifts at the intact cranium, the registration of echo pulsations and lately, to ultrasonotomography has been an extended one already. even though, this improvement is certainly not at an finish. Following the recommendation of various colleagues eager about echo-encephalography during this nation and in another country, the Neurosurgical hospital of the collage of Erlangen-Nuremberg equipped an "International Symposium on Echo-Encephalography" on April 14th and fifteenth, 1967. the following there has been an open trade of expertise at the effects acquired as much as the current. the restrictions of the tactic and resources of errors in addition to the instructions of destiny improvement of the ultrasonic echo strategy have been discussed.

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Additional resources for Proceedings in Echo-Encephalography: International Symposium on Echo-Encephalography Erlangen, Germany, April 14th and 15th, 1967

Example text

How much the hydrocephalic ventricles can decrease in size. In the list of extracerebral lesions, the epidural and subdural hematomas have already been mentioned. However, now extracerebral tumors where a positive echo gram should certainly be obtained (e. g. meningeomas of the Sylvian fissure) must also be discussed (ZULCH, 1956, Fig. 292); probably a larger meningeoma in the middle third of the superior longitudinal sinus can also be detected (using diagonal sounding), as can large meningeomas of the falx in the central fissure (ZULCH, 1956, Fig.

Additional density contrasts naturally cause noteworthy echoes which supplement the "elasticity echoes". Change in sound velocity through elastic variations in biological tissues has still other diagnostic implications. Because the sound propagates with higher velocity in the less compressible medium, this medium appears smaller on the screen than the more compressible surrounding medium. Therefore also certain tissue structures appear to be displaced on the screen, as the principle of echo ranging is violated by the varying velocity.

When ultrasound meets any object with a different acoustic nature such as tumor tissue, ultrasound is reflected to some degree at the boundary of the object. The degree of reflection is concerned with the specific acoustic impedances between two media, which acoustic impedances are determined by their density (,e) and sound velocity (c). The reflection rate of sound pressure (R), which is directly concerned with the echo length on a cathode ray oscilloscope is shown as follows: R= ([Jt Ct-[J'lC 2 ) • [JtCt [J2 C2 + The velocity of sound in brain tissue was measured with a C-clamp transducer methods as already reported.

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