By Jon Erickson
For someone who's drawn to advancements within the learn of the Earth's constitution, Plate Tectonics deals a whole figuring out of the idea that offers a unmarried tenet to the earth's geological heritage. starting with a historic evaluation of plate tectonic conception during this century, the publication describes in transparent, non-technical language how plate tectonics paintings, the way it affected evolution and extinction, and what the long run holds. assurance comprises: - Seafloor Spreading - Mountain construction - The Rock Cycle - Tectonics and the surroundings - Tectonics in area - Continental Draft
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Additional info for Plate Tectonics: Unraveling the Mysteries of the Earth, Revised Edition
Example text
They are composed of highly altered granite and metamorphosed marine sediments and lava flows. This allowed the magma to cool slowly and separate into a light component, which rose toward the surface, and a heavy component, which settled to the bottom of the magma chamber. Some magma also seeped through the crust, where it poured out as lava onto the ocean floor. Successive intrusions and extrusions of magma built up new Figure 21 Uinta Mountains, Summit County, Utah. (Photo by W. R. Hansen, courtesy USGS) 32 Historical Tectonics Figure 22 The world’s oldest rocks.
At the beginning of the eon, nearly three-quarters of the present landmass was in existence. Continents were more stable and melded into a single large supercontinent. The collisions forced up mountain ranges. ”The interval was possibly the most energetic period of tectonic activity, which rapidly built new continental crust. The global climate of the Proterozoic was significantly cooler. 4 billion years ago. Most of the material presently locked up in sedimentary rocks was at or near the surface by the beginning of the Proterozoic.
As the African continent approached southern Europe, it began to pinch off the Tethys Sea. Meanwhile, India continued to narrow the gap between southern Asia. The crust rifted open on the west side of India. Massive amounts of molten rock poured onto the landmass, blanketing much of west-central India, known as the Deccan Traps. Over a period of several million years, about 100 individual basalt flows produced more than 350,000 cubic miles of lava, totaling up to 8,000 feet thick. Continental rifting at the same time began separating Greenland from Norway and North America.