By Pankaj Kumar
This e-book comprises distinct info at the forms, constitution, fabrication, and characterization of natural sun cells (OSCs). It discusses procedures to enhance efficiencies and the prevention of decay in OSCs. It compares the cost-effectiveness of OSCs to these in response to crystalline silicon and discusses how you can make OSCs more cost effective. This publication presents a pragmatic advisor for the fabrication, processing, and characterization of OSCs and paves the way for additional improvement in OSC technology.
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Example text
The band gap of bulk semiconductor is fixed but the band gap of a QD of that semiconductor can be tuned easily by changing its size. Ease in tunability of band gaps makes QDs potential candidates for multijunction solar cells, where materials of different band gaps are required for efficient photon harvesting from different regions of solar spectrum. Initially, MOCVD was used for preparation of QDs, but later they could be prepared with less expensive wet chemical processing. Wet chemical synthesis and processing of QDs is quite easy and can be deposited on any desired substrate by the spin coating technique from their colloidal suspension in liquids.
To be very simple and convenient, the distribution of solar intensity on the Earth can be divided into four broad belts designated as most favorable, moderately favorable, less favorable, and least favorable for solar applications. 21 shows the distribution of four belts in the northern hemisphere. 21 Worldwide distribution of solar energy in terms of four belts, which define the most and least favorable regions for solar energy applications. ) belts in the southern hemisphere. The most favorable belt lies between latitudes 15°N and 35°N, and is most suitable for solar energy applications.
7 million kelvins. In nuclear fusion super high energy γ rays are produced that are absorbed by the outer core, and relatively lower energy photons are emitted. These lower energy photons are transmitted into space as electromagnetic radiation. The temperature of the outer surface of the sun is about 5778 K. The electromagnetic radiation from the sun possesses x-rays, ultraviolet, visible, and infrared waves. The x-ray content is very little and the solar radiation entering the Earth’s atmosphere span from 100 nm to about 1 mm.