By Stéphane Bellon, Servane Penvern
Stakeholders exhibit a growing to be curiosity for natural meals and farming (OF&F), which turns into a societal part. instead of wondering no matter if OF&F outperforms traditional agriculture or now not, the most query addressed during this booklet is how, and in what stipulations, OF&F should be regarded as a prototype in the direction of sustainable agricultures. The e-book gathers 25 papers brought in a primary bankruptcy. the 1st part investigates OF&F creation strategies and its ability to profit from the structures functioning to accomplish better self-sufficiency. the second proposes an outline of natural performances supplying commodities and public items. The 3rd one makes a speciality of organics improvement pathways inside of agri-food platforms and territories. in addition to a powerful theoretical part, this e-book presents an summary of the hot demanding situations for study and improvement. It questions the advantages in addition to wisdom gaps with a selected emphasis on bottlenecks and lock-in results at quite a few levels.
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Extra info for Organic Farming, Prototype for Sustainable Agricultures: Prototype for Sustainable Agricultures
Sample text
Colomb et al. 2011) d eficit. The remaining five systems showed a balanced or positive P budget except the irrigated one (RA 2) that was characterised by the highest P removal due to a high productivity level of maize, wheat and soybean. In the second study (Colomb et al. 2011), 44 stockless cropping systems were analysed in the Midi-Pyrénées region during the 2003–2007 period. The main rotated crops were winter wheat (29 %), soybean (23 %), sunflower (11 %), lentils (9 %) and faba bean (9 %).
If such a decrease is repeated over long periods of time, it may lead to nutrient scarcity that might negatively affect crop productivity. If the budget is strongly positive over time, it may lead to excess total P in soil, possibly increasing losses through leaching, runoff and erosion. Available soil P reflects the budget, as well as the dynamics between the various pools of P in the soil. Numerous methods have been developed to assess soil P availability (Harmsen et al. 2005). They are mostly based on soil P extraction by chemical means intended to mimic plants.
1 Phosphorus Budget at Field Level At field level, P management is generally assessed by means of a field-gate mass budget. , crop products, grazed grass, losses due to erosion, etc. (Cobo et al. 2010; Haileslassie et al. 2007). The budget helps to assess the sustainability of a given cropping system in terms of increase or decrease of the soil P reserves. The budget also provides information about the details of the inflows and outflows that contribute the most to the field-gate budget. Therefore, budgets are important and essential criteria to be considered in practical guidelines for P management drawn up for farmers and their advisors.