Organic Chemistry in Colour by Dr. Paul Francis Gordon, Mr. Peter Gregory (auth.)

By Dr. Paul Francis Gordon, Mr. Peter Gregory (auth.)

The foundations of the chemical dyestuffs have been laid in 1856 while W. H. Perkin came upon the dye Mauveine. At nearly an identical time glossy chemistry was once setting up itself as an incredible technology. therefore, the chemistry of dyes turned that department of natural chemistry during which the early medical theories have been first used. This early eminence has now been principally misplaced. in truth, lots of our instructional and instructing associations pay little awareness to this extremely important department of natural chemistry. We think that this e-book may also help to rectify this unlucky state of affairs. the vast majority of books which were released with reference to dyes were technologically biased and, in our opinion, don't entice the mainstream natural chemist. now we have, for this reason, geared toward generating a ebook which emphasises the position of natural chemistry in dyestuffs and we now have incorporated applicable smooth theories, specially the trendy molecular orbital techniques. now we have assumed that the reader possesses a data of the fundamental rules of natural chemistry;* the one different requirement is a common curiosity in natural chemistry.** The booklet may still curiosity the newcomer to chemistry, the proven educational, and the dyestuffs chemist himself.

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However, iron is not the sole reducing agent employed and sodium sulphide and sodium bisulphite find applications. Sodium sulphide is particularly useful for it will selectively reduce nitro groups in the presence of azo groups and will even reduce just one nitro group in a polynitro compound. Thus, m-dinitrobenzene can be reduced to m-nitroaniline, and picric acid (53) can be reduced to the dinitroaminophenol (54). Good yields are obtained in both cases. 16). NH2 NaHS03 heat& • pressure ~S03-Na+ 0y Eq.

The reduction proceeds according to Eq. 15 and works for many nitro compounds. 15 aniline, chloroanilines, aminophenols, anilinesulphonic acids and various other anilines and naphthylamines are thereby obtained. However, iron is not the sole reducing agent employed and sodium sulphide and sodium bisulphite find applications. Sodium sulphide is particularly useful for it will selectively reduce nitro groups in the presence of azo groups and will even reduce just one nitro group in a polynitro compound.

As the name implies, these intermediates are all related to benzidine (55). 10 is consistent with our present knowledge of the reaction. 10 (/) Miscellaneous Reactions The above examples list some of the most important functional groups introduced into aromatic systems and the methods by which this is accomplished. g. g. 17) and phthalic Crossover products are products which are derived by the scrambling of structural subunits from two similar precursors which independently would give only one type of product.

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