By R. N. Gibson
Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual evaluate considers uncomplicated components of marine study, returning to them while acceptable in destiny volumes, and offers with topics of exact and topical value within the box of marine biology. The thirty-ninth quantity follows heavily the pursuits and elegance of the sooner good obtained volumes, carrying on with to treat marine sciences - with all their numerous facets - as a unit. actual, chemical and organic points of marine technology are handled through specialists actively engaged of their personal box.
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All these terms are used to describe species that spawn several times in a lifetime. Serpulids spawn more or less continuously during an extended reproductive season. For example, the reproductive period of Spirobranchus giganteus in Puerto Rico lasted from March through October (Allen 1957). Spawning of S. polycerus from the West Indies was also observed during the summer months (Lewis 1960, Marsden 1960) but Lacalli (1976) found ripe gametes in this species from mid-October to late May in Barbados.
Short accounts of development of non-feeding larvae of serpulids are given for Salmacina dysteri (Nishi & Yamasu 1992b), Paraprotis dendrova (Nishi & Yamasu 1992c), and Rhodopsis pusilla (Nishi & Yamasu 1992a). Apparently, the developmental events and general larval morphology are very similar for brooded and planktonic serpulid larvae (Fig. 6). R. pusilla develops to a trochophore with a prototroch consisting of three rows of ciliary bands that at first lacks the apical tuft. The trochophore develops into a one-chaetiger larva and then into a three-chaetiger larva with neurotroch, metatroch and two ocelli.
The typical swimming speeds seem to be sufficient to enable serpulid larvae to control their vertical position in the coastal water column whereas horizontally, the larvae of most serpulids are distributed by sea currents. Even a short planktonic stage of about 10 min may result in dispersal up to 270 m in larvae of Circeis cf. armoricanus (Dirnberger 1993). 34 LIFE-HISTORY PATTERNS IN SERPULIMORPH POLYCHAETES Factors affecting larval swimming Hydrostatic pressure Marsden (1994a) documented the effect of changes in hydrostatic pressure on the vertical swimming of larvae of Spirobranchus polycerus and demonstrated a cyclical change in geotactic response mediated by changes in hydrostatic pressure.