By OECD Publishing
The renewed curiosity in nuclear power brought on by means of matters approximately worldwide weather switch and safety of supply could lead to colossal development in nuclear electrical energy new release and elevated curiosity in quick neutron reactors with closed gas cycles. relocating from the present fleet of thermal neutron reactors to speedy neutron platforms would require many many years and large RD&D efforts. This booklet identifies and analyses key strategic and coverage matters raised by means of this sort of transition, and provides tips to determination makers at the top techniques for imposing transition situations.
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Extra resources for Nuclear Development Strategic and Policy Issues Raised by the Transition from Thermal to Fast Nuclear Systems
Example text
A demonstration unit was approved at the end of 2005 for building at Shidaowan in the Shandong Province of China. The unit will include two reactor modules each of 250 MWth driving a single steam turbine at about 40% thermal efficiency. Commissioning of the plant is scheduled for 2013. PBMR (Pebble Bed Modular Reactor) is based on the German pebble bed high-temperature reactor technology, but it has been taken to a more advanced stage by introducing direct cycle gasturbine technology and an annular core geometry.
0 Source: NEA, 2007. 6). The disposal of all spent fuel arising worldwide would require opening by 2050 some 10 sites of the size of the planned repository at Yucca Mountain in the United States. 7). 7 Major reprocessing capacities in the world (tHM/year) Country China France India Japan Russia United Kingdom United States Total Nominal capacity in 2007 – 1 700 – 800 400 900 – 3 800 Source: NEA, 2008b. 47 Cumulative production to 2007 – 22 700 – 0 4 000 4 000 – 30 700 The existing capacity is sufficient to meet demand in the coming years but, obviously, significant increase will be needed in order to support the implementation of transition scenarios worldwide.
Nevertheless, in each country, thorough economic analyses will be helpful to assess the costs and benefits of transition scenarios before embarking on costly long-term programmes. The benefits of transition scenarios depends on the size of the electricity (and if applicable other products) market accessible (domestic and potential exportation) but also on the value given in the national policy to security of supply and actinide management. 2 Assessing economics during transition periods As noted in previous chapters, the transition periods will be very long, several decades at least, and might exceed a century until equilibrium is reached.