By Satyajit D. Sarker
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The most reliable assay result can be obtained with a compound of $100% purity, because it excludes any possibilities of having activities resulting from minor impurities. 2. If the extraction is designed just to provide enough material for confirmation or denial of a proposed structure of a previously isolated compound, it may require less material or even partially pure material, because in many cases this does not require mapping out a complete structure from scratch, but perhaps simply a comparison with a standard of known structure.
In both cases, a bulk or large-scale extraction should follow. , solubility), the question to address is how can these metabolites be extracted efficiently from the material under investigation. Solvent-extraction methods available for the initial and bulk laboratoryscale extraction of natural products from plant and microbial sources (solid–liquid extraction mainly) are presented in this chapter. Focus is also made on particular procedures, useful for removing unwanted interfering contaminants and enriching the extract with desired metabolites.
It is important that the growth of the producing strain be consistent to ensure reproducible productivity. , actinomycetes and filamentous fungi can grow as two different morphologies, hyphae or pellets). 2. Selection of Extraction Methods When selecting an extraction procedure for microbial metabolites, the following considerations should be borne in mind. Microbial metabolites are often produced in low yields, and one strain can yield a complex mixture of compounds. The metabolites may be completely or partially excreted by the cells into the (extracellular) medium or they may be present within the cells (intracellular).