By James D. Henderson
The lifetime of Laureano G?mez (1889-1965), Colombia's combative Conservative baby-kisser and reviled public determine, serves because the backdrop for this contemporary heritage of 1 of the hemisphere's least understood international locations. Tracing the advanced technique of improvement in Colombia, James Henderson explores the civil violence that outlined the G?mez period whilst the rustic skilled monetary progress unheard of within the remainder of the Americas.
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Extra resources for Modernization in Colombia: The Laureano Gomez Years, 1889-1965
Example text
51 Death was no stranger to homes of the city. Mortality rates were high in Bogotá and elsewhere in Colombia during the late nineteenth century. Poor sanitation and contaminated food and drinking water made dysentery, amoebiasis, and gastroenteritis endemic in the population. Leprosy and elephantiasis were common, and from time to time outbreaks of typhus and cholera swept the city. Sewage flowed into the city’s two principal rivers, the San Agustín and the San Francisco, whose clouds of flies and evil odors were their most notable features.
18 The debate over liberal and conservative principles was an intraelite affair in which traditional leaders of society fought to impose their ideals as they marched at the head of peasant armies whose cadres were clients first and co-ideologists second. Under such circumstances it is hardly surprising that by the 1880s, Colombian Liberals had not achieved the successes of their European counterparts. Not only was their movement severely weakened by the absence of a selfsufficient middle class, but their programs were constantly stymied by an articulate and aggressive Conservative Party that enjoyed considerable support among the peasantry.
For at least a hundred years it had been an article of faith among liberals everywhere in the Western world that the freeing of trade through the lowering of tariffs and other such artificial restraints would invigorate commerce. A nation like Colombia would act on its natural advantage in supplying products such as tobacco, quinine, and coffee to the world market, thus fixing itself securely in the Western commercial network. The theory was sound in the sense that Fin de Siècle | 13 raw materials enjoyed a comparative price advantage over manufactured goods throughout the late nineteenth century.