By Gayanath Fernando, Prasanta Misra
Skinny steel multilayer motion pictures became a huge half in modern-day desktop know-how. the large magnetoresistance (GMR) influence, which performs a principal function right here, used to be found within the overdue Eighties. this is often basically defined because the impact of a magnetic box at the electron delivery resulting in major adjustments within the resistance. different points of multilayers platforms, akin to balance, progress, confinement also are addressed. Theoretical and experimental equipment utilized in such paintings are defined in a few element, with precise emphasis on density sensible and spin density practical theories. Magnetic anisotropy in skinny movies can also be mentioned whereas addressing unresolved concerns and new effects from exchange-bias experiments.
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Extra info for Metallic Multilayers and their Applications, Volume 4: Theory, Experiments, and Applications related to Thin Metallic Multilayers
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Rev. B 54, 14679 (1996). [44] J. J. A. T. Price, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 198– 199, 396 (1999). S. Fishman, Spin-density waves in Fe/Cr trilayers and multilayers, J. : Condens. Matter 13, R235 (2001). [46] A. Fert, Mat. Sc. Forum 59–60, 439–480 (1990). [47] A. , J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 242–245, 68–76 (2002). H. Dederichs, R. Zeller, H. Akai, H. Ebert, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 100, 241 (1991). P. Parkin, C. Chappert, F. Herman, Europhys. Lett. 24, 71 (1993). [50] A. Fert, P. Grünberg, A. Barthélémey, F.
In addition, a brief theoretical discussion of the SDWs will be given in Chapter 2. 4. 16) shows how the saturation magnetization of various alloys of magnetic elements varies along the 3d row. The right half of the curve, which mainly consists of Ni-based fcc alloys, forms a well defined straight line with a 24 Chapter 1. 16. A schematic of the so-called Slater–Pauling curve (from Ref. [48] with permission from Elsevier). This plot represents the experimental values of the saturation magnetization of Fe-, Ni-, and Co-based alloys vs average number of electrons.
The other systems which come close to the above pair are Ag on Au or Fe, but only in the (001) orientation. Although the physics responsible for the GMR effect is quite well understood, comparisons between theory and experiment have not be very successful, at least partly due to the above mentioned problems. Comparisons of experiments and theory are further complicated by the so-called “thickness fluctuations”. The growth discussed above, even under almost ideal lattice matching, is never perfect.