By K. Kuang
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1 Spatial resolution Besides the lack of an excitation coil, one of the main advantages of wire-core fluxgates is the diameter of the wire, usually very narrow (several tens of µm). A narrow diameter is advantageous not only for miniaturization, but also for improvement of spatial resolution in magnetic field measurement. Let us consider, for instance, a magnetic field HZ with constant gradient along the x direction, as shown in Fig. 5. Parallel fluxgates must use either a ring or a racetrack core to reduce the demagnetizing factor and compensate voltage peaks for zero measured fields.
This method, however, cannot be used for coil-less fluxgates, since it has not a pick-up coil available for the generation of a compensating field (and if we add a compensation coil the sensor would not be coil-less anymore). Therefore, the linearity of the coil-less fluxgate is an extremely important parameter, because the sensor will be used in an open loop mode. Fortunately, the coil-less fluxgate has a large linear range. 5% of full-scale non-linearity error in a ±50 µT measurement range. 2% of full scale if we consider a ± 40 µT range.
Moreover, the operative frequency for a coil-less fluxgate is around 10 kHz, whereas MI sensors are operated at MHz range. This means that the physical phenomena occurring within the wire are substantially different. , 2003) whereas in coil-less fluxgates the external field causes linear shifting of a circumferential BH loop, giving rise to even harmonics. The difference between sensors becomes evident when considering their output characteristics. Coil-less fluxgates, have a second harmonic, which linearly depends on the external field with antisymmetrical characteristic.