Introduction to Theoretical Psychology by Michael Hyland (auth.)

By Michael Hyland (auth.)

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Correspondence rules in psychology are 42 THE NATURE OF HYPOTHETICAL CONSTRUCTS 43 slightly different from correspondence rules found in other disciplines. In the physical sciences the observables incorporated into correspondence rules form one undifferentiated category, the category called by Carnap 'thing language' or the everyday language of object description. In psychology, on the other hand, the observables incorporated into the correspondence rules fall into discrete categories and, as will be seen, the use of different kinds of observable in the correspondence rules leads to different kinds of 'hypothetical construct'.

The truth of a hypothetical construct can never be established with absolute certainty; one can never be certain that the object referred to by the hypothetical construct actually exists. Some people might consider this difference between hypothetical constructs and intervening variables to the disadvantage of hypothetical constructs, since the truth of the latter always remains uncertain. Nowadays, the consensus of opinion amongst many psychologists and philosophers of science is that there is too high a price to pay for the convenience and unambiguity of operationally defined theoretical terms and one should instead accept nonoperationally defined terms.

HYPOTHETICAL CONSTRUCTS AND INTERVENING VARIABLES 37 Both hypothetical constructs and intervening variables have the property of summarising data, but hypothetical constructs can provide a more general summary than intervening variables. An intervening variable is itself a device for expressing or summarising data, but it is only a device for summarising a particular, predetermined, set of data. Data is also summarised in the operations of a hypothetical construct but the summary of data is not restricted to a particular set of operations.

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