Introduction to Sociological Theory: Theorists, Concepts, by Michele Dillon

By Michele Dillon

Advent : welcome to sociological idea --
Karl Marx --
Emile Durkheim --
Max Weber --
Talcott Parsons and Robert Merton : Functionalism and Modernization --
Critical thought : expertise, tradition, and politics --
Conflict, strength, and dependency in macro-societal tactics --
Exchange, trade community, and rational selection theories --
Symbolic interactionism --
Phenomenology and Ethnomethodology --
Feminist theories --
Michel Foucault : theorizing sexuality, the physique, and tool --
Race, racism, and the development of racial otherness --
The social replica of inequality : Pierre Bourdieu's thought of sophistication and tradition --
Economic and political globalization --
Modernities, cosmopolitanism, and international shopper tradition.

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Sample text

Unlike philosophy, theology, astronomy, and mathematics, for example, all of which have their origins in medieval times, sociology had its birth in the nineteenth century. Why is this the case? For a scientific discipline to emerge as an independent field of study, certain conditions have to be present. If you think for a moment about what sociology does, you will begin to see that it could not really have emerged any earlier than it did. Sociology is about analyzing (and evaluating and critiquing) social structures.

Eating a hot-dog) are made into lavish, Disney-like fantasies and spectacles (see chapter 15). g. Beck, and Giddens, see chapter 15). Among these challenges is the task of achieving greater equality in access to the fruits of economic and social progress ( see chapters 14 and15). IMMERSION IN THEORY By getting to know the array of theorists and ideas that comprises sociological theory, you will develop the competence to thoughtfully analyze the complexity of social life. Theoretical immersion will enable you to adopt an analytical attitude – to see beyond your own experiences and impressions in ways that expose and help you recognize the patterns and social forces underlying the wide range of social phenomena that characterize the world we live in.

Comte believed, therefore, that sociology could offer a highly elaborated synthesis of the human-social condition. In short, sociology would be the science of humanity, the science of society. It would elaborate “the most systematic theory of the human order” (Comte 1891/1973: 1). Thus Comte saw himself as “the founder of the religion of humanity” (1891/1973: 26), of a scientific sociology whose knowledge would guide society. He believed that once sociology, “social physics,” discovered the scientific laws of humanity/society and thus demonstrated how society works, how it functions, humans could then move society progressively forward and impose some order on its organization and development.

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