By Kimmo Karvinen, Tero Karvinen
To construct digital initiatives that may feel the actual global, you must construct circuits established round sensors: digital parts that react to actual phenomena via sending an electric sign. inspite of purely easy digital parts, you could construct invaluable and academic sensor initiatives. but when you contain Arduino or Raspberry Pi into your venture, you could construct even more refined initiatives that may react in attention-grabbing methods or even hook up with the net. This booklet begins via instructing you the fundamental digital circuits to learn and react to a sensor. It then is going directly to exhibit find out how to use Arduino to strengthen sensor structures, and wraps up via instructing you ways to construct sensor tasks with the Linux-powered Raspberry Pi.
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Extra resources for Getting Started with Sensors
Example text
Sensors and Arduino 37 Figure 3-3. There is no point in reading a floating pin; add a pull-up resistor The Arduino IDE comes with many useful example sketches. Digital → Button) it actually requires an external resistor and won’t work with our circuit. That’s because that sketch uses a pull-down resistor, so a HIGH state indicates that the button is closed (pressed) and a LOW state indicates that the button is open. If you connect the same D2 to GND (zero volts, ground, LOW), your digital Read() is guaranteed to return a result of LOW (see Figure 3-4).
The input pins of the 555 are 6 (THRES) and 2 (TRIG). The two pins are connected together. Pin 2 (TRIG) detects a voltage drop below 3 V and turns pin 3 (OUT) to 7 V, so that output voltage starts rising. Pin 3 (OUT) is connected 26 Getting Started with Sensors to the capacitor through the potentiometer, so the 7 V voltage starts loading the capacitor. You can turn the potentiometer to choose how fast the capacitor charges. Figure 2-15. 555 fader circuit When the voltage on pin 6 (THRES) rises to 6 V, the 555 detects this and turns OUT low (to GND), so the voltage starts falling down.
Untouched, without any pressure, it has a very high resistance. When you press the round area at the end of the sensor, the resistance drops and it becomes more conductive. Figure 3-14. A force-sensitive resistor measures pressure exerted on it Sensors and Arduino 49 Parts You need the following parts for this project: • Force-sensitive resistor (FSR) • 1 MΩ resistor (four-band resistor: brown-black-green; five-band resistor: brown-black-black-yellow. The fourth or fifth band will vary depending on the resistor’s tolerance) • Arduino Uno • Jumper wires • Breadboard Build It You’ll use a voltage divider here just as you did in “Project 9: Photoresistor to Measure Light” on page 47.