Functional Ultrastructure: Atlas of Tissue Biology and by Margit Pavelka, Jürgen Roth

By Margit Pavelka, Jürgen Roth

This atlas of practical ultrastructure offers a close perception into the complicated constitution and association of cells and tissues. additional, highlights of particular mobile and tissue services, in addition to the dynamics of various intracellular procedures are supplied. hugely informative and top of the range electron micrographs are complemented through explanatory texts, chosen references and schemes. Emphasis is put on an built-in view of constitution and serve as to demonstrate the concept subcellular organelles give you the structural origin for basic procedures of dwelling organisms. the 1st a part of the atlas covers the mobile organelles, and illustrates their attribute alterations as a result of experimental manipulations or happening lower than pathological stipulations. the second one half then illustrates the foundations of tissue association and serve as, together with chosen examples starting from assorted epithelia and mesenchymal cells to muscle and sensory cells, cells of the frightened approach and of the peripheral blood. as well as their basic visual appeal, commonplace advantageous structural adjustments due to experimental induction or pathological occasions entire this a part of the atlas.

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There is evidence for transport of mRNAs along either microtubules or actin filaments and several RER-associated proteins involved in anchoring mRNAs have been identified. References Baum ann 0 and WalzB (2001) Endoplasmic reticulum of anim al cells and its organization into structural and functional dom ains. Int Rev Cyto1205: 149 Nikonov AV, Snapp E, Lippincott-Schwartz J, and Kreibich G (2002) Active translocon complexes labeled with GFP-Dadl diffuse slowly as large polysom e arr ays in the endopl asmic reticulum.

After breakdown of the nuclear envelope in prophase, spindle microtubules insert into the kinetochore at the chromosome centromere and chromosomes are aligned in the equatorial plate. Cohesin is necessary to ensure chromosome bi-orientation. At the metaphase-anaphase transition, destruction of the cohesin complex triggers the segregation of the sister chromatids, which are moved to the poles of the cell. In telophase, chromosomes decondense again, the nuclear envelope is rebuilt and cytokinesistakes place through contraction of a transient contractile actin-myosin ring formed around the equatorial region.

I· .. ~' ... " . . . . 01 Jr ; 4 • '0 . , ' ," .. ~""'. \. f.. :·t~4· . , . ' • - ... :. " SE'R .. -; e: -} '~:=i .. '. It' - ... ...... .. 'r . '. " , ,f;.. , , r:. ' 'I' .... .. -,' ". " "RER r • I' . ' ·:r , , • ,;," .. >" " ~ :.... ;.. , .. :) , ~ ,l ')" I .. ,. :' . " . , , . ~ ~. : .. (t\, . :.. , : r .. l. ,:\ "% ' .... " 36 The Cytoplasm: The Secretory System OLIGOSACCHARIDE TRIMMING, REGLUCOSYLATION, AND PROTEIN QUALITY CONTROL IN THE ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM In the rough endoplasmic reticulum, first modifications on asparagine-linked oligo saccharides occur and include the removal of all three glucose residues by a-glucosidases I (Gis I) and II (Gis II) and some mannose residues by ER u-mannosidases I (ER Man I) and II (ER Man II), as illustrated in the scheme.

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