By Tim Mair, Sandy Love, James Schumacher, Roger K. W. Smith and Grant Frazer (Eds.)
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Example text
The large intestines when distended are the only viscera large enough to cause noticeable enlargement of the abdomen in the adult horse (in the foal, small intestinal distension can cause abdominal enlargement). g. distension of the right paralumbar fossa accompanies caecal dilatation, while general abdominal distension is seen in horses with small colon obstructions or as the result of flatulent colic. Auscultation and palpation • The abdomen should be thoroughly auscultated for several minutes.
Medical treatment should include supportive therapy to relieve pain, (α2 agonist ± butorphanol and intravenous fluids). • Mineral oil is often used to coat fermentable substrate and to lubricate the food material within the gastrointestinal tract for easier passage. • Metronidazole and/or neomycin by mouth, twice daily, can also be of value. 4. Decompression by trocharization should be used only when the sublumbar fossae are very distended, to prevent rupture. It should be taken into consideration that the character of the abdominal fluid will be changed shortly after trocharization so that the value of cytological examination of peritoneal fluid obtained by abdominal paracentesis for diagnosis is decreased.
Small colon impactions present as a long tube evenly filled with faeces extending forward from the rectum. Generalized tympany of the large colon and caecum is a feature of such impactions. In neonates meconium retention can be felt per rectum with a finger of the large colon and caecum at the pelvic inlet. 11. Treatment Medical management of colonic impactions is relatively simple and involves the use of nasogastric intubation for lubrication and hydration, parenteral fluid therapy and the control of pain.