Elementary Order - Mendeleev's Periodic System by I. Petryanov, D. Trifonov

By I. Petryanov, D. Trifonov

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To account for the true cause of isotopism we shall have to get somewhat ahead of our story. The elementary particle called the neutron (because it has no charge) was discovered in 1932. Scientists proposed and substantiated the proton-neutron model of the nucleus. The number of protons in the atomic nucleus °f a given element is rigorously constant. It determines the magnitude of its positive charge and is equal to the atomic number of the element. But the number of neutrons can vary in quite wide limits.

The problem of incorporating the inert gases into the periodic system was solved in 1900. In March 1900, Mendeleev and Ramsay, the two persons most interested in a proper solution of the problem, met and agreed that all the inert gases should be accommodated in the system between the halogens and alkali metals. This should be done in a way for them to form an independent zero group (or column). The first version 34 of Mendeleev's table with a zero group was independently published in March of 1900 by the Belgian Leo Errera.

Radium took the place of eka-barium, whereas polonium had been predicted under the name dvitellurium. Actinium, on the other hand, could not find itself a definite residence in the table for a long time, because jt had turned out to be a capricious and somewhat insidious element. 37 But Mendeleev, as you already know, had left several empty spaces at the end of the sixth and beginning ol the seventh period: five between bismuth and thorium and one between thorium and uranium. Thus, there was plenty of spaces for the three new elements.

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