By G. Simmons
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Extra info for Diff. Eqns. With Applns., Hist. Notes
Example text
The next figure shows an outlook matrix, and gives examples of the types of methods that might be adopted for different combinations of long-term and short-term outlook. Here, outlook is defined as: Outlook = forecast demand forecast capacity 38 © Pearson Education Limited 2009 Slack, Chambers, Johnston, and Betts, Operations and Process Management, 2nd Edition, Instructor's Manual Three broad states of outlook are identified for both long and short terms: ‘poor’ is when the ratio of forecast demand to forecast capacity is less than 1; ‘normal’ is when the ratio is approximately equal to; ‘good’ is when the ratio is greater than 1.
Demand is driven partly by the weather – chocolate is less popular in summer – and partly by cultural factors – chocolate is a popular gift at Christmas and Easter in many countries. Nestlé plants use a combination of strategies to cope with these demand fluctuations. Some products can be stored in anticipation of seasonal peaks. However, there is a shelf life limit on storage time if Nestlé’s high quality standards are to be maintained. Off-peak sales volumes can also be influenced through the use of special offers and product promotions.
What mix of products/services am I expected to produce? ’ And so on). By writing all these points on the board, one can often identify all the major problems of measuring capacity. ) and ask them to identify • the nature of demand fluctuation and what influences it; • the way in which they can measure their capacity; • the alternative ways they could cope with fluctuating demand. ). Teaching hint – Examples from the food industry are usually useful. ). Also, the effective supply of some foodstuff is both seasonal and uncertain.