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Changing-over from an open cooling system to a close-loop system also raises the value of n,. The pressure in MPa and temperature in K a t the end of compression process are determined from the equation with a constant polytropic exponent of n,: P C = pa&"' T, = Taenl-l In modern automobile and tractor engines the pressure and temperature a t the end of compression vary within the limits: Carburettor engines . . . . 0 MPa and T,=600 to 800 K High-speed unsupercharged diesel engines . . . .
Is represented by an isochore (straight line ce"z in Fig. 5) and in the Fig. 6. Pressure variation during the combustion process in a diesel engine compression-ignition engines a t V constant and p constant, e. g. follows the combined cycle (straight lines cc"z' and z'z in Fig. 6). The objective of combustion process computations is to determine the temperature and pressure a t the end of visible combustion (points z and 2,) plus volume V , for a diesel engine. 60 PART ONE. WORKING PROCESSES AND CHARACTERISTICS The gas temperature T, at the end of visible combustion is determined on the basis of the First Law of thermodynamics according dL.
900-1100 K For diesel engines . . . . . . . 600-900K For gas engines . . . . . . . . . 750-1000 K When defining the value of T,, it should be noted that an increase in the compression ratio and enriching of the working mixture decrease the temperature of residual gases and an increase in the engine speed raises it. 51 CH. 3. ANALYSIS OF ACTUAL CYCLE Fresh charge preheating temperature. During the cylinder filling process the temperature of a fresh charge somewhat increases due to hot parts of the engine.