By Melvin Ember, Carol R. Ember
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In the old Persian calendar, it was a fertility festival celebrating the spring. It is still a time for celebration when relatives and friends visit each other and bring gifts for the children. Edwards, David B. ’’ International Migration Review 2 (2): 313–325, 1986. —. Heroes of the Age: Moral Fault Lines on the Afghan Frontier, 1996. Ferdinand, Klaus. ’’ Folk 4: 123–159, 1962. T HE A RTS AND H UMANITIES Folk, 24: 4–177, 1982 (special issue on marriage in Afghan society). The Taliban have banned artistic expression.
Four years later they declared Algeria a colony, beginning a 132year reign. In 1840 Abd al-Qadir, an Algerian freedom fighter, led the Arabs in an insurgence against their colonizers, which ended in defeat in 1847. At about the same time, the French began immigrating in large numbers to Algeria, in an attempt by the French government to replace Algerian culture with their own. 5 million Arabs. In 1871 Muslims staged the biggest revolt since that of Abd al-Qadir thirty-one years earlier. The French responded by tightening control and further restricting the rights of the Algerians.
Writers were encouraged to concentrate their creative energies on specific themes, such as the partisan struggle of the —. Albanian Stalinism: Ideo-Political Aspects, 1990. —. Contemporary Albanian Literature, 1991. — and Sami Repishti, eds. Studies on Kosova, 1984. Prifti, Peter. Socialist Albania since 1944, 1978. 21 ALBANIA Skendi, Stavro. Albania, 1956. — and James Pettifer. Albania: From Anarchy to a Balkan Identity, 1996. Vickers, Miranda. Albania: A Modern History, 1994. Zymberi, Isa. Colloquial Albanian, 1991.