By P. Hauser
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1952) that demethylation occurs via the formation of a hydroxymethyl compound, followed by elimination of the methyl group in the form of formaldehyde (Mueller & Miller, 1953; Walker, 1970). Hydroxylation of the aromatic ring can occur before reductive fission of the azo group, and also on the amines produced by such a reduction, and this pathway appears to be very important in compounds which contain an unsulphonated phenyl moiety (Walker, 1970). , 1977). , 1992). In addition to Trypan Blue, Benzopurpurine 4B and Chlorazol Violet N were also shown to be Ames-positive frame-shift mutagens, but only in the presence of metabolizing systems capable of effecting azo reduction.
2006). Therefore it is extremely important to study the metabolic pathways of azo dyes that can contaminate the environment, in order to understand the overall spectrum of the toxic effects. The metabolic pathways the azo dyes actually follow depend on several factors, such as, (a) the mode of administration; (b) the degree of absorption from the gastro-intestinal tract after oral ingestion; (c) the extent of biliary excretion, particularly after exposure to different routes other than the oral one; (d) genetic differences in the occurrence and activity of hepatic reducing-enzyme systems; (e) differences in the intestinal flora; and (f) the relative activity and specificity of the hepatic and intestinal systems, particularly those responsible for reducing the azo link, and all these factors are interrelated (Walker, 1970).
1952) that demethylation occurs via the formation of a hydroxymethyl compound, followed by elimination of the methyl group in the form of formaldehyde (Mueller & Miller, 1953; Walker, 1970). Hydroxylation of the aromatic ring can occur before reductive fission of the azo group, and also on the amines produced by such a reduction, and this pathway appears to be very important in compounds which contain an unsulphonated phenyl moiety (Walker, 1970). , 1977). , 1992). In addition to Trypan Blue, Benzopurpurine 4B and Chlorazol Violet N were also shown to be Ames-positive frame-shift mutagens, but only in the presence of metabolizing systems capable of effecting azo reduction.